The 14th Amendment’s birthright citizenship rests on a simple, geography-based rule: anyone born on U.S. soil is a citizen, period. There are only two narrow exceptions—children of foreign diplomats and those born to occupying forces.
The Trump administration and its legal allies are challenging this. They want to redefine the requirement as being "subject to the complete political jurisdiction of the United States." Their definition ties citizenship to owing "direct, permanent allegiance." Under this view, children of undocumented immigrants or people temporarily in the country don’t qualify. They point to *United States v. Wong Kim Ark* and argue that the term *domicile* there implies permanent residency, not just physical presence.
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