What is the causal mechanism by which wildfires trigger evacuations?

Wildfires force evacuations via two distinct mechanisms. First, automated systems spot physical signs like smoke plumes, heat signatures, and spread rates, then trigger alerts based on monitoring protocols. Second, human institutions take that data, cross-reference it with risk models and local rules, and issue official orders.

At the same time, people leave on their own. They see smoke, ash, or the glow of fire and make a personal risk assessment, bypassing official channels entirely. These parallel paths function differently: official orders rely on institutional decision pipelines, while self-evacuations stem from immediate sensory cues and behavioral shortcuts.

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