What demographic or electoral characteristics make Kansas, Missouri, Virginia, or Washington politically distinctive in primary contests?

Kansas, Missouri, and Virginia run closed primaries, which blocks crossover voting. Washington is different. Its open primary lets voters from any party influence major party nominations. The other three states restrict participation to registered party members.

There is no data on turnout rates, median voter age, party affiliation proportions, racial or ethnic composition, education levels, or urban versus rural voter distribution for these states. Without that data, no other demographic or electoral characteristics can be confirmed as distinctive.

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